摘 要：SP小冲杆试验法在力学测试中得到了广泛的发展和应用。用SP试验法测得的小试样的载荷-位移-试样厚度变化曲线，通过类比分析以及半解析相结合的方法可以计算材料的特征常数：屈服极限、强度极限、断裂韧性、转变温度和蠕变特性，并且从大量的试验数据、理论模型和有限元计算模型来看，SP试验法测得的结果与相应的大尺寸标准力学测试方法得到的数据有着直接的对应和转换关系。介绍了该试验方法的试验技术、分析方法、研究进展及其应用，并分析了该试验方法目前所存在的一些问题。
关键词：小冲杆试验法；性能测试；材料常数；断裂韧性；蠕变特性
中图分类号：O346.1+2， TH871.4 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0010-05
Research and problems of small punch test method
ZHANG Xiao-liang1，2， WANG Zhao-xi2
（1.School of Electromechanical Engineering，Beijing Polytechnic College，Beijing 100042，China；
2.Department of Engineering Mechanics，Qinghua University，Beijing 100084，China）
Abstract: Small punch（SP） test method has been developed and applied widely in mechanical testing. With the SP test method. Variety curve about load-displacement-sample of miniaturized specimens had been gained. Characteristic constant of material could be gained by analogism and analytic method. Such as bended limit， intensity limit， rupture toughness， transition temperature， creeppage characteristic. The results from SP method and from standard test method were related together with the detailed experimental results and the theory models. Problems， methods， development and application about the standard SP test device were discussed.
Key words: Small punch； Capability testing； Constant of material； Rupture toughnes; Creeppage characteristic
