摘  要：微流控芯片技术因其微型化、自动化、高通量、集成化、快速等优势使得实验室研究产生革命性的变化，并在生物化学、医学等诸多领域得到广泛应用，但目前还没有基于微流控芯片技术的国产全集成自动化DNA分析仪。该文总结微流控技术在DNA提取、PCR扩增、电泳分离等DNA检验流程方面的研究现状与进展，尤其是在法医DNA快速检验方面的研究进展，同时介绍国内外全集成式DNA分析的研究状况。全集成与功能化是目前微流控技术研究的主流方向。未来，以微流控芯片为主导的全自动、便携式、集成化的DNA分析系统，将使得法医DNA检验从实验室走进案件现场甚至日常生活，实现真正的快速即时检验。
关键词：微流控芯片技术；DNA快速检验；综述；全集成
文献标志码：A       文章编号：1674-5124（2016）01-0053-08
Application of microfluidics technology in DNA rapid testing of forensic science
HAN Junping1， SUN Jing2，3， OU Yuan2，3， YE Jian2，3， LIU Yao1，2，3，  LI Caixia2，3
（1. People’s Public Security University of China，Beijing 100038，China；
2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination，Institute of Forensic Science，
Beijing 100038，China；
3. Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics，Institute of Forensic Science，Ministry of Public Security，
Beijing 100038，China）
Abstract: Miniature， automatic and integrated with high throughput and rapid analysis， the microfluidic chip technology has brought revolutionary changes in laboratory experimentation in recent years and has been widely used in many research-based field， such as biochemistry and medicine. However， microfluidics is not yet introduced into home-made totally-integrated automation DNA analyzers. This paper has summarized the applications of microfluidics in DNA rapid testing， including DNA extraction， PCR amplification and electrophoresis separation， especially the advance of forensic DNA rapid detection. In addition， it also discussed the research state of the totally-integrated DNA analysis at home and abroad. Currently， full integration and versatility are the mainstream direction of microfluidic technology research. With the help of this system， rapid and real-time forensic DNA testing will not only be conducted in laboratories， but also at crime scenes and even in everyday lives.
Keywords: microfluidic chip technology； DNA rapid testing； summary； full integration